From incipient to mid-range and beyond

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Reconstructing intellectual networks : From the ESTC’s bibliographic metadata to historical material

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Variation in pronoun frequencies in early English letters: Gender-based or relationship-based?

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5G Radio Access Networks Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3rd Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) Rel'15 has been completed in December 2018. An open issue with this release of standards is that it only supports unicast communications in the core network and Point-To-Point (PTP) transmissions in the Radio Access Network (RAN), and does not support multicast/broadcast communications and Point-To-Multipoint (PTM) transmissions, which are 3GPP system requirements for 5G applications in a number of vertical sectors, such as Automotive, Airborne Communications, Internet-of-Things, Media & Entertainment, and Public Warning & Safety systems. In this article, we present novel mechanisms for enhancing the 5G unicast architecture with minimal footprint, to enable efficient PTM transmissions in the RAN, and to support multicast communications in the Rel'15 core as an in-built delivery optimization feature of the system. This approach will enable completely new levels of network management and delivery cost-efficiency.This work was supported in part by the European Commission under the 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership project "5G-Xcast: Broadcast and Multicast Communication Enablers for the Fifth Generation of Wireless Systems" (H2020-ICT-2016-2 call, grant 761498). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the project.Säily, M.; Barjau, C.; Navrátil, D.; Prasad, A.; Gomez-Barquero, D.; Tesema, FB. (2019). 5G Radio Access Networks Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. 14(4):29-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2019.2936657S293714

Distinguishing discourses : A data-driven analysis of works and publishing networks of the Scottish Enlightenment

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5G Radio Access Network Architecture for Terrestrial Broadcast Services

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) enhanced Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (eMBMS) a set of new features to support the distribution of Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. On the other hand, a new 5th Generation (5G) system architecture and radio access technology, 5G New Radio (NR), are being standardised from Release 15 onwards, which so far have only focused on unicast connectivity. This may change in Release 17 given a new Work Item set to specify basic Radio Access Network (RAN) functionalities for the provision of multicast/broadcast communications for NR. This work initially excludes some of the functionalities originally supported for Terrestrial Broadcast services under LTE e.g. free to air, receive-only mode, large-area single frequency networks, etc. This paper proposes an enhanced Next Generation RAN architecture based on 3GPP Release 15 with a series of architectural and functional enhancements, to support an efficient, flexible and dynamic selection between unicast and multicast/broadcast transmission modes and also the delivery of Terrestrial Broadcast services. The paper elaborates on the Cloud-RAN based architecture and proposes new concepts such as the RAN Broadcast/Multicast Areas that allows a more flexible deployment in comparison to eMBMS. High-level assessment methodologies including complexity analysis and inspection are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed architecture design and compare it with the 3GPP architectural requirements.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, IEEE Trans. Broadcastin

Wrangling with non-standard data

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Google Books : A shortcut to studying language variability?

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Hybrid paging and location tracking scheme for inactive 5G UEs

User Equipment (UE) paging and location tracking are influenced by the underling state handling model. There are recent proposals to introduce a new RRC state called RRC Inactive as a main state for inactive UEs in 5th Generation (5G) cellular systems. One of the characteristics of the new state is that the interface between the Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core Network (CN) is kept. Considering this characteristic, there are proposals for a RAN controlled paging and location tracking schemes for RRC Inactive UEs. In this paper, we show that this approach is not always beneficial, especially for high mobility UEs. Instead, we propose a hybrid paging and location tracking scheme where both RAN and CN are involved in the paging and location tracking of RRC Inactive UEs. This is done transparently to the UE. We further propose a hierarchical paging and location tracking scheme to reduce the signaling overhead from paging and location tracking updates. The scheme is applicable to both RAN based and CN based paging and location tracking schemes.Peer reviewe

RRC state handling for 5G

Standardization work for the 5th Generation of mobile communications (5G) is under way in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The design of the user equipment (UE) state machine is one of the central questions related to the overall control plane design. In this article, we present a state machine for 5G that consists of a novel Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connected Inactive state in addition to the conventional RRC Idle and RRC Connected states. In RRC Connected Inactive, the UE Context is stored in the UE and in the network, and the connection between the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network (CN) is kept active to minimize control plane latency and UE power consumption during state transition. In addition, RRC Connected Inactive is configurable so that requirements of diverse 5G use cases can be fulfilled without increasing the overall number of RRC states. Performance analysis shows that RRC Connected Inactive can achieve up to 8x latency improvement, 5x power efficiency and 3.5x signaling overhead reduction, when compared to Long Term Evolution (LTE) RRC Idle.Peer reviewe